Genetic differentiation between coexisting wild and domestic Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L. 1758) in Northern Eurasia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Rangifer tarandus L. 1758 is one of the few modern hoofed species in which domestic and wild forms coexist in the same territory. The genetic differentiation of domestic and wild reindeer in Northern Eurasia was examined using microsatellite data. А total of 780 animals were studied at 16 microsatellite loci. Samples of wild reindeer were taken from seven populations inhabiting different natural areas, and samples of domestic animals were selected from the Evenki, Evens, Chukchi and Nenets breeds, including two ecotypes, Tofalar and Todzha reindeer. The levels of genetic diversity and variation in wild reindeer were higher than in domestic ones. Bayesian clustering analysis allowed us to distinguish domesticated reindeer populations by the degree of taming, but failed to detect differences in genetic structure between wild reindeer populations. These differences were found using the pairwise Fst values. Overall, the microsatellite analysis revealed a significant genetic differentiation between domestic and wild forms and the structuring of populations within each form, which may be important for the development of strategies for animal conservation.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of the articles published in Genetic Resources and grant the journal right of first publication with open access. All articles published in Genetic Resource are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to download, share and adapt the work for commercial and non-commercial purposes as long as proper attribution to the original article is given. Genetic Resources permits and encourages authors to post items submitted to the journal (including the publisher's final layout) on personal websites or institutional repositories after acceptance and/or publication, while providing bibliographic details that credit their publication in Genetic Resources.
Agapow, P M and A Burt (2001). “Indices of multilocus linkage disequilibrium”. Molecular Ecology Notes 1, pp. 101–103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8278.2000.00014.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8278.2000.00014.x
Baranova, A et al. (2016). “Genetic diversity of wild reindeer Rangifer tarandus L. from the eastern part of the Kola Peninsula: Polymorphism of the mtDNA control region”. Biology Bulletin 43, pp. 567–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359016060029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359016060029
Baskin, L M (1986). Differences in the ecology and behaviour of reindeer populations in the USSR. Rangifer 6(2), pp. 333–340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7557/2.6.2.667. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7557/2.6.2.667
Benjamini, Y and Y Hochberg (1995). “Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing”. Journal of the Royal statistical society: series B (Methodological) 57, pp. 289–300. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
Bjørklund, I (2013). “Domestication, reindeer husbandry and the development of Sámi pastoralism”. Acta Borealia 30, pp. 174–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2013.847676. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2013.847676
Clark, L V and M Jasieniuk (2011). “POLYSAT: an R package for polyploid microsatellite analysis”. Molecular Ecology Resources 11, pp. 562–568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.02985.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.02985.x
Cornuet, J M and G Luikart (1996). “Description and power analysis of two tests for detecting recent population bottlenecks from allele frequency data”. Genetics 144, pp. 2001–2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.4.2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.4.2001
Danilkin, A (1999). Mammals of Russia and adjacent regions. Moscow: Geos Publishing House.
Davydov, A et al. (2007). “Differentiation of wild and domestic forms of caribou (Rangifer tarandus L.) on the results of mtDNA analysis”. Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya 6, pp. 48–53.
Dodokhov, V et al. (2021). “Genetic Characteristics of the Even Breed of Deer in Yakutia”. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 666(032063). URL: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/666/3/032063. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/666/3/032063
Dotsev, A et al. (2017). “Study of phenotypic and genotypic features of reindeer populations of the nenets breed”. Agricultural biology, pp. 1175–1175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2017.6.1175eng. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2017.6.1175eng
Dray, S and A B Dufour (2007). “The ade4 package: implementing the duality diagram for ecologists”. Journal of statistical software 22(4), pp. 1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v022.i04. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v022.i04
Earl, D A (2012). “STRUCTURE HARVESTER: a website and program for visualizing STRUCTURE output and implementing the Evanno method”. Conservation genetics resources 4, pp. 359–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-011-9548-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-011-9548-7
Evanno, G, S Regnaut, and J Goudet (2005). “Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study”. Molecular Ecology 14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02553.x
Flagstad, Ø and K H Røed (2003). “Refugial origins of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences”. Evolution 57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb01557.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057[0658:ROORRT]2.0.CO;2
Goudet, J (2005). “Hierfstat, a package for R to compute and test hierarchical F-statistics”. Molecular Ecology Notes 5, pp. 184–190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00828.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00828.x
Grosswald, M (1999). Cataclysmic megafloods in Eurasia and the polar ice sheets. Moscow: The Scientific World.
Gunn, A (2016). Rangifer tarandus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29742A22167140.en. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29742A22167140.en
Helskog, K and S Indrelid (2011). “Humans and reindeer”. Quaternary International 238, pp. 1–3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.03.018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.03.018
Jepsen, B, H Siegismund, and M Fredholm (2002). “Population genetics of the native caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) and the semi-domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Southwestern Greenland: Evidence of introgression”. Conservation Genetics 3, pp. 401–410. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020523303815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020523303815
Jernsletten, J L L and K B Klokov (2002). Sustainable reindeer husbandry. URL: https://oaarchive.arctic-council.org/bitstream/handle/11374/1592/MM03_SDWG_ Attachment_2.pdf?sequence=4%5C&isAllowed=y.
Jombart, T (2008). “adegenet: a R package for the multivariate analysis of genetic markers”. Bioinformatics 24, pp. 1403–1408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn129
Jones, K C, K F Levine, and J D Banks (2002). “Characterization of 11 polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellites for forensic applications in California elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis)”. Molecular Ecology Notes 2, pp. 425–432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00264.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00264.x
Kamvar, Z N, J F Tabima, and N J Grünwald (2014). “Poppr: an R package for genetic analysis of populations with clonal, partially clonal, and/or sexual reproduction”. PeerJ 2, pp. 281–281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.281
Kashtanov, S et al. (2015). “Geographical structure of the sable (Martes zibellina L.) gene pool on the basis of microsatellite loci analysis”. Russian Journal of Genetics 51, pp. 69–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795415010044. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795415010044
Keenan, K et al. (2013). “diveRsity: An R package for the estimation and exploration of population genetics parameters and their associated errors”. Methods in ecology and evolution 4, pp. 782–790. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12067
Kharzinova, V R et al. (2018). “Genetic diversity and population structure of domestic and wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L. 1758): A novel approach using BovineHD BeadChip”. PLoS One 13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207944. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207944
Kharzinova, V, T Deniskova, et al. (2017). “Evolution of the methods for estimation biodiversity in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)”. Agricultural Biology 52(6), pp. 1083–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2017.6.1083eng. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2017.6.1083eng
Kharzinova, V, A Dotsev, et al. (2016). “Study of the allele pool and the degree of genetic introgression of semidomesticated and wild populations of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L., 1758) using microsatellites”. Agricultural Biology 51, pp. 811–834. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2016.6.811eng. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2016.6.811eng
Kharzinova, V, E Gladyr, et al. (2015). “Development of multiplex microsatellite panel to assess the parentage verification in and differentiation degree of reindeer populations (Rangifer tarandus)”. Agricultural Biology 50(6), pp. 756–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2015.6.756eng. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2015.6.756eng
Kirpotin, S N et al. (2021). “Impacts of environmental change on biodiversity and vegetation dynamics in Siberia”. Ambio, pp. 1–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01570-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01570-6
Klokov, K B (2020). “People, Reindeer, and All the Others: The Shared Taiga as Common Tofa Household”. In: Multispecies Households in the Saian Mountains Ecology at the Russia-Mongolia Border. Ed. by A Oehler and A Varfolomeeva, pp. 75–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2088712. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2088712
Kolpaschikov, L, V Makhailov, and D E Russell (2015). “The role of harvest, predators, and socio-political environment in the dynamics of the Taimyr wild reindeer herd with some lessons for North America”. Ecology and Society 20. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07129-200109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07129-200109
Konstantinova, N et al. (2014). “The Red Data Book of the Murmansk Region”. In: Asia-print.
Kopelman, N M et al. (2015). “Clumpak: a program for identifying clustering modes and packaging population structure inferences across K”. Molecular Ecology Resources 15, pp. 1179–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12387
Mantel, N (1967). “The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach”. Cancer research 27, pp. 209–229.
Mcdevitt, A D et al. (2009). “Survival in the Rockies of an endangered hybrid swarm from diverged caribou (Rangifer tarandus) lineages”. Molecular Ecology 18, pp. 665–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04050.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04050.x
Mcloughlin, P D et al. (2004). “Genetic diversity and relatedness of boreal caribou populations in western Canada”. Biological Conservation 118, pp. 593–601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2003.10.008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2003.10.008
Meredith, E et al. (2005). “Characterization of an additional 14 microsatellite loci in California Elk (Cervus elaphus) for use in forensic and population applications”. Conservation Genetics 6, pp. 151–153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-004-7735-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-004-7735-8
Paradis, E (2010). “pegas: an R package for population genetics with an integrated-modular approach”. Bioinformatics 26, pp. 419–439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp696. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp696
Petrov, A N et al. (2012). “Mapping long-term spatial trends of the Taimyr wild reindeer population”. Rangifer 32, pp. 57–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7557/2.32.1.2364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7557/2.32.1.2364
Pritchard, J K, M Stephens, and P Donnelly (2000). “Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data”. Genetics 155, pp. 945–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.195164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.2.945
Røed, K H et al. (2020). “Temporal and structural genetic variation in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) associated with the pastoral transition in Northwestern Siberia”. Ecology and evolution 10, pp. 9060–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6314
Røed, K and L Midthjell (1998). “Microsatellites in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, and their use in other cervids”. Molecular Ecology 7, pp. 1773–1779. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00514.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00514.x
Rousset, F (1997). “Genetic differentiation and estimation of gene flow from F-statistics under isolation by distance”. Genetics 145, pp. 1219–1247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.4.1219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.4.1219
Safronov, V (1996). “Wild reindeer of Yakutia”. Rangifer, pp. 387–390. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7557/2.16.4.1283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7557/2.16.4.1283
Stolpovsky, Y A et al. (2020). “Genetic Evaluation of the Breeds of Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and Their Wild Ancestor Using a New Panel of STR Markers”. Russian Journal of Genetics 56, pp. 1469–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795420120133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795420120133
Svishcheva, G et al. (2020). “Microsatellite Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships among East Eurasian Bos taurus Breeds with an Emphasis on Rare and Ancient Local Cattle”. Animals 10, pp. 1493–1493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10091493
Wang, S N et al. (2019). “Origins of Chinese reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) based on mitochondrial DNA analyses”. PLoS One 14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225037. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225037
Wei, T et al. (2017). “Package ‘corrplot’”. Statistician 56(e24), pp. 24–24.
Wetterich, S et al. (2011). “Last glacial maximum records in permafrost of the East Siberian Arctic”. Quaternary Science Reviews 30, pp. 3139–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.07.020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.07.020
Williams, T M and D C Heard (1986). “World status of wild Rangifer tarandus populations”. Rangifer, pp. 19–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7557/2.6.2.553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7557/2.6.2.553
Yannic, G et al. (2014). “Genetic diversity in caribou linked to past and future climate change”. Nature Climate Change 4, pp. 132–139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2074. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2074
Zabrodin, V and E Borozdin (1989). “Deer”. In: Animal genetic resources of the USSR. Ed. by N G Dmitriev and L K Ernst. Vol. 65. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN. URL: https://www.fao.org/3/ah759e/AH759E00.htm.
Zhai, J C et al. (2017). “Analysis on genetic diversity of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in the Greater Khingan Mountains using microsatellite markers”. Zoological studies 56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2017.56-11.
This journal has been conceived as part of the