Assessment of phenotypic diversity of Ñuña, a local common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from the northern Andes in Peru
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Ñuña is a local type of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivated in the Andean region of Peru. It stands out for its ability to expand and burst when roasted; however, its phenotypic diversity has not yet been fully explored. This study determined the phenotypic variability of Ñuña conserved in the Germplasm Bank of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation of Peru. The analysis considered qualitative and quantitative traits, using multivariate statistics and comparison of means. Results revealed high phenotypic variability in both qualitative and quantitative traits. In qualitative traits, Multiple Correspondence Analysis found that the dark and light colours of the seed heads contributed most significantly to the variability of the accessions. Phylogenetic hierarchical analysis formed four clusters, representing 37% (I), 4% (II), 7% (III), and 52% (IV) of the accessions, respectively. For quantitative traits, Principal Component Analysis showed no discrimination between regions of origin but indicated a highly positive correlation between leaf length and width, and between pod length and width, as well as seed length, width, thickness and weight. Hierarchical analysis of quantitative characters also formed four clusters, representing 22% (A), 16% (B), 30% (C), and 31% (D) of the accessions, respectively. These clusters, analyzed for means comparison, showed significant differences (p < 0.05) with higher values in cluster B for pod length and width, and seed length, width, thickness and weight. Understanding the variability of the qualitative and quantitative traits of Ñuña is crucial for future genetic improvement studies aimed at achieving cultivars with desirable characteristics.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of the articles published in Genetic Resources and grant the journal right of first publication with open access. All articles published in Genetic Resource are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to download, share and adapt the work for commercial and non-commercial purposes as long as proper attribution to the original article is given. Genetic Resources permits and encourages authors to post items submitted to the journal (including the publisher's final layout) on personal websites or institutional repositories after acceptance and/or publication, while providing bibliographic details that credit their publication in Genetic Resources.
Akande, S R and M O Balogun (2007). “Evaluation and heritability studies of local Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) cultivars from south-west Nigeria”. Revista UDO Agrícola 7(1), p. 126819926. URL: https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:126819926.
Beem, J et al. (1992). “Nutritive Value of the Nuña Popping Bean”. Economic Botany 46, pp. 164–170. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/4255422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02930631
Cruz-Balarezo, J et al. (2009). “Agromorphological Evaluation and Molecular Characterization of Popping Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)” Idesia (Arica) 27, pp. 29–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34292009000100005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34292009000100005
De Ron, A M et al. (2016). “History of the common bean crop: its evolution beyond its areas of origin and domestication”. Arbor 192(a3017). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2016.779n3007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2016.779n3007
Debouck, D G (1986). Recolección de germoplasma de Phaseolus en Cajamarca y Amazonas, Perú. Consejo Internacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos, p. 41. URL: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/81428.
Díez, C M et al. (2013). “Genome size variation in wild and cultivated maize along altitudinal gradients”. New Phytologist 199, pp. 264–276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12247
Espinosa-Pérez, E N et al. (2015). “Clasificación de poblaciones nativas de frijol común del centro-sur de México por morfología de semilla”. Revista fitotecnia mexicana 38, pp. 29–38. URL: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract%5C&pid=S0187- 73802015000100005%5C&lng=es%5C&nrm=iso%5C&tlng=es. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2015.1.29
FAOSTAT (2022). Bean production quantity. URL: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/%5C#data (visited on 07/14/2022).
Fernández, A M González et al. (2014). “Nuña popping bean: A kind of witness of the first steps of common bean domestication”. Legume Perspectives 2, pp. 47–49. URL: https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/114769.
Franco, T L and R Hidalgo (2003). Análisis estadístico de datos de caracterización morfológica de recursos fitogenéticos. Vol. 1. Roma, Italia: Instituto Internacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos. URL: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/104374.
Gamarra, M (2021). “Desarrollo de una nueva variedad de frijol arbustivo, clase comercial poroto, para expandido denominado INIA-Huayna”. Revista de Investigación Agropecuaria Science and Biotechnology 1(4), pp. 18–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25127/riagrop.20214.718. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25127/riagrop.20214.718
Gamarra, M et al. (2007). “Desarrollo de Variedades de Frijol Ñuña o Poroto Arbustivo de habito arbustivo en el Perú”. 4(7), pp. 23–27.
García-Fernández, C et al. (2023). “Genetic control of pod morphological traits and pod edibility in a common bean RIL population”. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 137(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04516-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04516-6
Gu, Z et al. (2014). “Circlize implements and enhances circular visualization in R”. Bioinformatics 30(19), pp. 2811–2812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu393
Herben, T et al. (2012). “Ecological effects of cell-level processes: Genome size, functional traits and regional abundance of herbaceous plant species”. Annals of Botany 110, pp. 1357–1367. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs099. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs099
Hernández-López, V M et al. (2013). “Origen, domesticación y diversificación del frijol común: Avances y perspectivas”. Revista fitotecnia mexicana 36, pp. 95–104. URL: https://bit.ly/GenResJ201-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2013.2.95
Holdridge, L R (1947). “Determination of World Plant Formations From Simple Climatic Data”. Science 105, pp. 367–368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.105.2727.367. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.105.2727.367
IPGRI (2001). Descritores para Phaseolus vulgaris. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. URL: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/72699.
Iwata-Otsubo, A et al. (2016). “Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)-Based Karyotyping Reveals Rapid Evolution of Centromeric and Subtelomeric Repeats in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Relatives”. G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 6, pp. 1013–1022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.115.024984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.115.024984
Kami, J et al. (1995). “Identification of presumed ancestral DNA sequences of phaseolin in Phaseolus vulgaris”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92, pp. 1101–1104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.4.1101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.4.1101
Kassambara, A and F Mundt (2020). Factoextra: Extract and Visualize the Results of Multivariate Data Analyses. R Package Version 1.0.7. URL: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=factoextra.
Kinhoégbè, G et al. (2020). “Agro-morphological characterization of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millspaugh) landraces grown in Benin: Implications for breeding and conservation”. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 12, pp. 1101–1104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS2019.0836. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/JPBCS2019.0836
Knight, C A, N A Molinari, and D A Petrov (2005). “The Large Genome Constraint Hypothesis: Evolution, Ecology and Phenotype”. Annals of Botany 95, pp. 177–190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci011
Lê, S, J Josse, and F Husson (2008). “FactoMineR: An R Package for Multivariate Analysis”. Journal of Statistical Software 25(1), pp. 1–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v025.i01. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v025.i01
Lescay-Batista, E, Y Vázquez Ramírez, and F Celeiro Rodríguez (2017). “Variabilidad y relaciones fenotípicas en variables morfoagronómicas en genotipos de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)” Centro Agrícola 44, pp. 58–64. URL: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract%5C&pid=S0253-57852017000400009%5C&lng=es%5C&nrm=iso%5C&tlng=es.
Llique, N (1993). Efecto del medio ambiente en el contenido de proteínas y capacidad reventón del fríjol ñuña (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), en el Departamento de Cajamarca. Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca.
López-Alcocer, J et al. (2016). “Morphological variability of wild Phaseolus lunatus L. from the western region of México”. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 39(1), pp. 49–58. URL: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext%5C&pid=S0187-73802016000100009%5C&lng=es%5C&nrm=iso. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2016.1.49-58
Maechler, M et al. (2021). cluster: Cluster Analysis Basics and Extensions. R package version 2.1.2. URL: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=cluster.
Martirena-Ramírez, A et al. (2017). “Caracterización morfológica de líneas de Phaseolus vulgaris L. en casa de cultivo”. Biotecnología Vegetal 17, pp. 191–201. URL: https://revista.ibp.co.cu/index.php/BV/article/view/557/html.
Melo, P and G Ligarreto (2010). “Contenido de taninos en el grano y características agronómicas en cultivares de fríjol común “tipo reventón””. Agronomía Colombiana 38(2), pp. 147–154. DOI: 2010. URL: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=180315602003.
Mishra, S et al. (2010b). “Genetic Diversity of French Bean (Bush Type) Genotypes in North-West Himalayas”. Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources 23(03), pp. 285–287. URL: https://bit.ly/GenResJ201-1.
Morales-Morales, A E et al. (2019). “Caracterización morfológica de semillas de frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) de la Península de Yucatán”. Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios 6, pp. 463–475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a6n18.2171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a6n18.2171
Murga-Orrillo, H et al. (2024). “Physiological characterization and bioactive compounds of promising accessions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in the Peruvian Amazon”. Frontiers in Agronomy 6(1392068). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1392068. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2024.1392068
Nassary, E K, F Baijukya, and P A Ndakidemi (2020). “Intensification of common bean and maize production through rotations to improve food security for smallholder farmers”. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 2(100040). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2020.100040. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2020.100040
National Research Council (1989). Lost Crops of the Incas: Little-Known Plants of the Andes with Promise for Worldwide Cultivation. National Academies Press, p. 322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/1398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/1398
Olsen, S et al. (1954). Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium. United States Department of Agriculture. URL: https://bit.ly/GenResJ201-3.
Otálora, J M, G A Ligarreto, and A Romero (2006). “Comportamiento de fríjol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tipo reventón por características agronómicas y de calidad de grano”. Agronomía Colombiana 24, pp. 7–16. URL: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=180316238002.
Pearson, C H et al. (2012). “Popping and Yield Characteristics of Nuña Bean Lines Developed for Temperate Climate”. Agronomy Journal 104, pp. 1574–1578. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0144
Pesantes-Vera, M F and J Soto (2013). “Caracterización y evaluación de la variabilidad de doce colectas de Phaseolus vulgaris tipo reventon procedente de la provincia de Santiago de Chuco (Perú)”. REBIOL 33, pp. 23–33. URL: https://revistas.unitru.edu.pe/index.php/facccbiol/article/view/553.
Petry, N et al. (2015). “Review: The Potential of the Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) as a Vehicle for Iron Biofortification”. Nutrients 7, pp. 1144–1173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7021144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7021144
R Core Team (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. URL: https://www.r-project.org/.
RHS (2001). The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart.
Rodríguez, A, A Gutiérrez, and C Pretel (2014). “Efecto del pH de extracción y caracterización funcional de proteínas de ñuña (Phaseolus vulgaris L)”. Pueblo Continente 25(2), pp. 81–86. URL: https://journal.upao.edu.pe/index.php/PuebloContinente/article/view/265/233.
SantaCruz-Padilla, A E, A E Vásquez-Orrillo, and J L (2021). Catálogo de Ñuña (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Del Banco De Germoplasma Del INIA. Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, p. 78. URL: https://repositorio.inia.gob.pe/handle/20.500.12955/1404.
SENHAMI (2020). Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Peru-Datos hidrometeorológicos. URL: https://www.senamhi.gob.pe/servicios/?p=estaciones.
Shimizu, G, R Marubayashi, and L Goncalves (2023). AgroR: Experimental Statistics and Graphics for Agricultural Sciences. URL: https://agronomiar.github.io/AgroR_package/index.html.
Tohme, J et al. (1995). “Variability in Andean nuña common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, Fabaceae)”. Economic Botany 49, pp. 78–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02862280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02862280
Uebersax, M A et al. (2023). “Dry beans ( L.) as a vital component of sustainable agriculture and food security-A review”. Legume Science 5(1), e155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.155
Vásquez, J et al. (2024). “Caracterización agromorfológica de accesiones de Phaseolus spp., en la región amazonas, Perú”. Bioagro 36(2), pp. 129–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro362.1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro362.1
Walkley, A J and I A Black (1934). “Estimation of soil organic carbon by the chromic acid titration method”. Soil Sci 37, pp. 29–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003
Ward, J H (1963). “Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function”. Journal of the American Statistical Association 58(301), pp. 236–244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845
Wickham, H (2016). ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. URL: https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4_9
This journal has been conceived as part of the