Preserving, improving and rediscovering: The role of the Research Centre of Viticulture and Enology in safeguarding grapevine genetic resources in Italy
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Grapevine is one the most cultivated species worldwide, with 8,000 estimated varieties. Protecting this biodiversity is of utmost importance, especially in countries historically devoted to viticulture, such as Italy. One of the richest Italian ampelographic collections, spread in different regions from the north to the south of the peninsula, is owned and managed by the Research Centre of Viticulture and Enology (CREA-VE). Vitis vinifera L., but also other species of the Vitis genus. Since 2004, the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forestry has financed a specific programme named ‘Risorse genetiche vegetali – Trattato FAO (RGV-FAO)’ [Plant Genetic Resources – FAO Treaty] to collect, conserve, characterize and document plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. This paper presents the processes undertaken to enhance the collection, characterize its accessions, preserve and foster the genetic diversity and adaptability in grapevines, with particular emphasis on how this material is managed, evaluated and valorized in terms of different perspectives and practical uses.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of the articles published in Genetic Resources and grant the journal right of first publication with open access. All articles published in Genetic Resource are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to download, share and adapt the work for commercial and non-commercial purposes as long as proper attribution to the original article is given. Genetic Resources permits and encourages authors to post items submitted to the journal (including the publisher's final layout) on personal websites or institutional repositories after acceptance and/or publication, while providing bibliographic details that credit their publication in Genetic Resources.
Alba, V, C Bergamini, M F Cardone, et al. (2014). “Morphological variability in leaves and molecular characterization of novel table grape candidate cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)” Mol. Biotechnol 56, pp. 557–570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-013-9729-6.
Alba, V, C Bergamini, R Genghi, et al. (2015). “Ampelometric leaf trait and SSR loci selection for a multivariate statistical approach in Vitis vinifera L. biodiversity management”. Mol. Biotechnol 57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-015-9862-5.
Alba, V, S Roccotelli, et al. (2023). “Impact of climate change on the duration of the phenological cycle of wine grapes in hot-dry areas”. In: XIV Convegno Nazionale sulla Biodiversità/1◦Convegno Internazionale sulla Biodiversità Mediterranea. Università del Salento, 13-15 Settembre, Lecce (Italy).
Alercia, A, S Diulgheroff, and M Mackay (2015). FAO/Bioversity Multi-Crop Passport Descriptors V.2.1 [MCPD V.2.1] - December 2015. Bioversity International, p. 11. URL: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/69166.
Alercia, A, F M López, et al. (2018). Digital Object Identifiers for food crops - Descriptors and guidelines of the Global Information System. Rome: FAO, p. 31. URL: https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/52a8b5bc-0a5f-47e2-a6c3-3e93434057ae/content.
Anderson, K and S Nelgen (2021). “Internationalization, premiumization and diversity of the world’s winegrape varieties”. Journal Of Wine Research 32(4), pp. 247–261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09571264.2021.2012444.
Bergamini, C, M Gasparro, et al. (2017). “Recovery and valorization of the ancient viticultural biodiversity of Enotria in the modern Calabria region”. In: Proceedings of the 40th World Congress of vine and wine: "Vine & Wine: Science and Economy, Culture and Education". Sofia – Bulgaria, 29 May - 2 June 2017. url: https://www.oiv.int/public/medias/5569/book-of-abstracts-40-oiv-congress-bulgaria.pdf.
Bergamini, C et al. (2012b). “Evidences for an alternative genealogy of ‘Sangiovese’”. Molecular Biotechnology, MOBI 53, pp. 278–288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-012-9524-9.
Bergamini, C et al. (2016b). “The Molecular Characterization by SSRs Reveals a New South Italian Kinship and the Origin of the Cultivar Uva di Troia”. SpringerPlus 5(1562), pp. 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-3228-8.
Biasi, R and E Brunori (2015). “The on-farm conservation of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) landraces assures thehabitat diversity in the viticultural agro-ecosystem”. Vitis 54, pp. 265–269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2015.54.special-issue.265-269.
Bodor-Pesti, P et al. (2023). “A Review of Ampelometry: Morphometric Characterization of the Grape”. Vitis spp.) Leaf. Plants 12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030452.
Boursiquot, J M (2000b). “Development of methods for the conservation and the management of grape genetic resources.” Acta Hort. 528, pp. 31–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.528.2.
CBD (2005). Handbook of the Convention on Biological Diversity Including its Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. 3rd. Canada: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, p. 1493. URL: https://www.cbd.int/doc/handbook/cbd-hb-all-en.pdf.
Chitwood, H (2021). “The shapes of wine and table grape leaves: an ampelometric study inspired by the methods of Pierre Galet”. Plant People Planet 3, pp. 155–170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10157.
Cipriani, G et al. (2010). “The SSR-based molecular profile of 1005 grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) accessions uncovers new synonymy and parentages and reveals a large admixture amongst varieties of different geographic origin”. Theor Appl Genet 121(8), pp. 1569–1585. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1411-9.
Costacurta, A, A Calò, et al. (2004). “La caractérisation des Greci et Grechetti à baie blanche cultivés en italie”. Bulletin de l’ OIV 78, pp. 159–171.
Costacurta, A, M Crespan, et al. (2003). “Morphological, aromatic and molecular characterization of Muscat vines and their phylogenetic relationships”. Riv. Vitic. Enol 2(3), pp. 13–28. URL: https://bit.ly/GenResJ240-1.
Crespan, M, R Carraro, et al. (2016). “The origin of Termarina cultivar, another grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) parthenocarpic somatic variant”. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 22, pp. 489–493. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12236.
Crespan, M et al. (2009b). “The Parents of “Malvasia Nera di Brindisi/Lecce” Have Been Discovered”. Acta Hortic 827, pp. 239–244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.827.41.
De Lorenzis, G et al. (2019). “SNP genotyping elucidates the genetic diversity of Magna Graecia grapevine germplasm and its historical origin and dissemination”. BMC Plant Biology 19(7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1576-y.
De Nart, D et al. (2024). “Vine variety identification through leaf image classification: a large-scale study on the robustness of five deep learning models”. Journal of Agricultural Science. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859624000145.
Delle-Donne, M (2017). “I fruttiferi del Lazio dalla preistoria all’età romana: l’apporto dell’archeobotanica”. In: Frutti dimenticati e biodiversità recuperata. Il germoplasma frutticolo e vinicolo delle agricolture tradizionali italiane. Casi studio: Lazio e Abruzzo. Quaderni natura e biodiversità n. 8. url: https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/it/pubblicazioni/quaderni/natura-e-biodiversita/frutti-dimenticati-e-biodiversita-recuperata-lazio-abruzzo. ISPRA.
D’Onofrio, C et al. (2021). “Parentage Atlas of Italian Grapevine Varieties as Inferred from SNP Genotyping”. Front. Plant Sci 11(605934). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.605934.
FAO (2010). The Second Report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome, Italy: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food, Agriculture - Food, and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. URL: https://www.fao.org/4/i1500e/i1500e00.htm.
FAO (2014). Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome. URL: https://www.fao.org/4/i3704e/i3704e.pdf.
Fila, G, B Di Lena, M Gardiman, P Storchi, D Tomasi, O Silvestroni, and A Pitacco (2012). “A Calibration and Validation of Grapevine Budburst Models Using Growth-Room Experiments as Data Source”. Agric. For. Meteorol 160, pp. 69–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.03.003.
Galet, P (1976). Précis d’ampélographie pratique. 4th. Montpellier, France: Dehan, p. 266. Gardiman, M and L Bavaresco (2015). “The Vitis germplasm repository at the CRA-VIT, Conegliano (Italy): conservation, characterization and valorisation of grapevine genetic resources”. Acta Hortic 1082, pp. 239–244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1082.33.
Gasparro, M et al. (2020). “La biodiversità viticola dell’alta Val d’Agri: recupero e caratterizzazione”. In: GRUMENTINAE VITES ET VINA Biodiversità viticola, cultura e storia nell’alta Val d’Agri. Ed. by S Del Lungo. Villa D’Agri (Pz): Dibuono Edizioni.
Giffard, B et al. (2022). “Vineyard Management and Its Impacts on Soil Biodiversity, Functions, and Ecosystem Services”. Front. Ecol. Evol 10(850272). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.850272.
Giust, M and A R Caputo (2014). “I vitigni del Cirò”. In: Del Terroir e delle uve del Cirò – Ricerca e valorizzazione. Soveria Mannelli (CZ): Rubbettino Editore srl, pp. 27–38.
Goethe, H (1876). Ampelographisches Woterbuch. Vienna, Austria: Verlag von Faesy and Frick.
IPGRI (1997). Descriptors for Grapevine (Vitis spp.) Geneva, Switzerland: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, p. 58. URL: https://hdl.handle.net/10568/72784.
Labagnara, T et al. (2018). “Vitis vinifera L. germplasm diversity: a genetic and ampelometric study in ancient vineyards in the South of Basilicata region (Italy)”. VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research 57, pp. 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2018.57.1-8.
Lacombe, T (2023). “Vitis genetic resources: current challenges, achievements and perspectives”. Vitis 62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2023.62.special-issue.1-10.
Liu, Y et al. (2021). “Development of a mobile application for identification of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars via deep learning”. Int. J. Agric. & Biol. Eng 14(5), pp. 172–179. URL: https://ijabe.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/6593.
Maghradze, D et al. (2015). “Filed genebank standards for grapevine (Vitis vinifera)”. Vitis 54, pp. 273–279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2015.54.special-issue.273-279.
Maul, E, K N Sudharma, et al. (2012). “The European Vitis database (www.eu-vitis.de) - A technical innovation through an online uploading and interactive modification system”. Vitis 51, pp. 79–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5073/vitis.2012.51.79-85.
Maul, E and P This (2008). “GENRES081 – a basis for the preservation and utilization of Vitisgenetic resources”. In: Report of a Working Group on Vitis. First Meeting, 12-14 June 2003, Pali´c, Serbia and Montenegro. Ed. by E Maul et al. url: https://www.ecpgr.org/fileadmin/bioversity/publications/pdfs/1293_Report_of_a_Working_group_on_vitis_.pdf. Rome, Italy: Bioversity International, pp. 13–22.
Migliaro, D et al. (2013). “Direct Multiplex PCR for Grapevine Genotyping and Varietal Identification”. Plant Genet. Resour 11(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262112000433.
Motta, L (2002). “Planting the seed of Rome”. Veget. Hist. Archaeobot 11(1-2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s003340200008.
OIV (2007). OIV descriptor list for grape varieties and Vitis species. 2nd. Paris, France: International Organisation of Vine and Wine, p. 231. DOI: https://www.oiv.int/public/medias/2274/code-2e-edition-finale.pdf.
OIV (2018). Functional biodiversity in the vineyard. 1st. Paris, France: OIV Publications. URL: https://www.oiv.int/public/medias/6367/functional-biodiversity-in-the-vineyard-oiv-expertise-docume.pdf.
Pagano, M et al. (2014). “Mobile device usage to highlight the value of a Vitis vinifera L. germplasm collection”. Agriculture & Environment 12(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1234/4.2014.5224.
Palombi, M A et al. (2023). “Ampelographic evaluation of autochthonous grapevine germplasm in different areas of Lazio region”. Acta Hortic 1384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2023.1384.15.
Parker, A K et al. (2011). “General phenological model to characterise the timing of flowering and veraison of Vitis vinifera L”. Aust. J. Grape Wine Res 17, pp. 206–216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2011.00140.x.
Pipitone, G et al. (2024). Genetic characterization of grape varieties from Lazio Region using SSR markers. Book of abstract of EUCARPIA General Congress, 27. Leipzig: U. Lohawasser and A. Boner.
Ravaz, L (1902). Le vignes americanes. Montpellier, France: Coulet.
Rottoli, M (1993). “Scavi 1989. Analisi paletnobotaniche: prime risultanze, Appendice 1”. In: Scavi 1989. Un abitato perilacustre di età neolitica. Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana, vol. 84, Nuova Serie II. Ed. by M A Fugazzola Delpino, G D’Eugenio, and A Pessina. Anguillara Sabazia, RM: La Marmotta, pp. 305–315.
Savo, V, A Kumbaric, and G Caneva (2016c). “Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) symbolism in the ancient Euro-Mediterranea cultures”. Economic Botany 70(2), pp. 190–197.
Sefc, K M et al. (2001). “Microsatellite markers for grapevine: a state of the art”. In: Grapevine Molecular Physiology & Biotechnology. Ed. by K Roubelakis Angelakis. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2308-4_17. Berlin, DE: Springer Science+Business Media, pp. 433–463.
Soldavini, C et al. (2006). “SuperAmpelo, a software for ampelometric and ampelographic descriptions in Vitis”. Acta Hortic. 827, pp. 253–258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.827.43.
Storchi, P, D Migliaro, et al. (2016). “Germoplasma viticolo ed omonimie: il caso studio del Mammolo”. Acta Italus Hortus 19, pp. 978–88.
Storchi, P, A Zombardo, et al. (2022). “Toscana”. In: Atlante dei vitigni e vini del territorio. Genotipi italiani autoctoni poco noti e diffusi. EdAgricole – New Business Media, pp. 123–140.
This, P, A Jung, et al. (2004). “Development of a standard set of microsatellite reference alleles for identification of grape cultivars”. Theor Appl Genet 109, pp. 1448–1458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1760-3.
This, P, T Lacombe, and M R Thomas (2006). “Historical origins and genetic diversity of wine grapes”. Trends in Genetics 22(9), pp. 511–519. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1760-3.
Tomasi, D et al. (2011). “Grapevine Phenology and Climate Change: Relationships and Trends in the Veneto Region of Italy for 1964–2009”. Am. J. Enol. Vitic 62, pp. 329–339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2011.10108.
UPOV (2008). Grapevine - Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability. Geneva, Switzerland: International Union for the Protection of new Varieties of Plants, p. 52. URL: https://www.upov.int/edocs/tgdocs/en/tg178.pdf.
Vaccino, P et al. (2024). “Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture: The Role and Contribution of CREA (Italy) within the National Program RGV-FAO”. Agronomy 1263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061263.
Valori, R et al. (2023). “Advanced Forecasting Modeling to Early Predict Powdery Mildew First Appearance in Different Vines Cultivars”. Sustainability 15(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032837.
Zombardo, A, S Meneghetti, et al. (2022). “Study of inter-and intra-varietal genetic variability in grapevine cultivars”. Plants 11(3), p. 397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030397.
Zombardo, A, P Storchi, et al. (2021). “Recovery, Molecular Characterization, and Ampelographic Assessment of Marginal Grapevine Germplasm from Southern Umbria (Central Italy)”. Plants 10, p. 1539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081539.
Zombardo, A, P Valentini, et al. (2017). “Diversité du matériel génétique en Italie - Un exemple de valorisation au sein de la collection du CREA-VIC en Toscane”. Revue des Oenologues 162, pp. 16–17. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317236409.
Zombardo, A et al. (2024c). “Protection of viticultural biodiversity: genetic and phenotypic characterization of grapevine varieties from the northwest coastal area of Tuscany (Italy)”. OENO One 58(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2024.58.3.7825.
This journal has been conceived as part of the